0 Followers
532 Views
springerw7DAk
0 Followers
532 Views
52
Posts
A review of methods for scaling remotely sensed data for spatial pattern analysis - Landscape Ecology
Context Landscape ecologists have long realized the importance of
scale when studying spatial patterns and the need for a science of
scaling. Remotely sensed data, a key component of a landscape
ecologist’s toolbox used to study spatial patterns, often requires
scaling to meet study requirements. Objectives This paper reviews
methods for scaling remote sensing-based data, with a specific
focus on spatial pattern analysis, and distills the numerous
approaches based on data type. It also discusses knowledge... more
Landscape-based solutions are needed for meeting water challenges of China’s expanding and thirsty cities - Landscape Ecology
Authors (first, second and last of 4)
Defensible-space treatment of < 114,000 ha 40 m from high-risk buildings near wildland vegetation could reduce loss in WUI wildfire disasters across Colorado’s 27 million ha - Landscape Ecology
Context WUI wildfire disasters are increasing, as fires are pushed
by strong winds and drier fuels across landscapes and into
communities. Possible disasters make maintaining and restoring
landscape-scale fire in fire-adapted ecosystems difficult. Rapid
action is needed to reduce building loss in WUI wildfire disasters.
Objectives In a Colorado study, I used distance-based empirical
modeling to refine potential risk of building loss in WUI wildfire
disasters to focus risk-reduction efforts. Methods New empirical... more
Prolonged coastal inundation detected with synthetic aperture radar significantly retarded functional recovery of mangroves after major hurricanes - Landscape Ecology
Context Hurricanes are major threats to coastal mangrove
ecosystems. Inundation has been implicitly reported to associate
with mangrove damages and mortality. However, there have been no
spatial statistical analyses of the impact of inundation on
mangrove recovery at landscape scales. Objectives Our objectives
are to detect spatiotemporal patterns of inundation after major
hurricanes and to explore explicitly the role of inundation in
mangrove recovery at landscape scale. Methods Using C-band
Synthetic Aperture... more
The impact of habitat fragmentation on domatia-dwelling mites and a mite-plant-fungus tritrophic interaction - Landscape Ecology
Context Habitat fragmentation is a leading threat to biodiversity,
yet the impacts of fragmentation on most taxa, let alone
interactions among those taxa, remain largely unknown. Objectives
We studied how three consequences of fragmentation—reduced patch
connectivity, altered patch shape, and edge proximity—impact
plant-dwelling mite communities and mite-plant-fungus interactions
within a large-scale habitat fragmentation experiment. Methods We
sampled mite communities from the leaves of Quercus nigra (a... more
Potential cougar habitats and dispersal corridors in Eastern North America - Landscape Ecology
Context Cougars (Puma concolor) have been recolonizing Midwestern
North America during the past 3 decades with > 950 cougar
confirmations east of established populations. Due to an increase
in confirmations east of current breeding populations, evaluation
of cougar habitat suitability and connectivity is needed. However,
few studies have assessed the habitat potential for cougar
recolonization in the eastern portion of their former range.
Objectives We used various habitat quality thresholds to model
potential... more
Interpolating resident attitudes toward exurban roadside forest management - Landscape Ecology
Context Knowledge about spatial patterns of human dimensions data
within landscape ecology is nascent despite its importance in
natural resources management. We explored this topic within the
context of utility roadside forest management, a complex situation
involving ecological, cultural, and aesthetic aspects of forests
and reliable power. Objectives We applied spatial interpolation to
investigate patterns of human attitudes toward roadside vegetation
management data across an exurban landscape. Methods Mail... more
Linking tree cover change to historical management practices in urban parks - Landscape Ecology
Context Urban tree canopy (UTC) in parks is shaped by complex
interactions between social and ecological processes over decades.
To understand UTC change in parks, it is critical to identify and
characterize the unique set of social processes that drive
long-term change. Objectives We sought to uncover the feedbacks
between social processes and long-term UTC changes in parks of a
post-industrial city that experienced substantial population loss
and park disinvestment. Methods Our mixed-methods approach involved... more
UAVs improve detection of seasonal growth responses during post-fire shrubland recovery - Landscape Ecology
(1) We monitored post-fire shrubland recovery responses to changes
in rainfall seasonality using a multi-year field experiment in the
Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. A primary objective
was to test the utility of UAVs for monitoring ultra-fine-scale
vegetation changes in the early post-fire context. (2) By
comparison with detailed ground-based measurements, we showed that
UAVs improved detection of integrated community growth responses,
given that the appropriate relative radiometric normalisation... more
Spatial patterns of woody plant encroachment in a temperate grassland - Landscape Ecology
Context Woody encroachment is the process whereby grasslands
transition to a woody-dominated state. This process is a global
driver of grassland decline and is ultimately the outcome of
increased woody plant recruitment in grasslands. Yet, little is
known about how recruitment distances structure spatial patterns of
encroachment. Objectives Here, we develop a recruitment curve to
describe the scatter of woody plant recruitment around seed sources
and examine how this structures spatial patterns of encroachment.... more
Conflict of energies: spatially modeling mule deer caloric expenditure in response to oil and gas development - Landscape Ecology
Context Wildlife avoid human disturbances, including roads and
development. Avoidance and displacement of wildlife into less
suitable habitat due to human development can affect their energy
expenditures and fitness. The heart rate and oxygen uptake of large
mammals varies with both natural aspects of their habitat (terrain,
climate, predators, etc.) and anthropogenic influence (noise,
light, fragmentation, etc.). Although incorporating physiological
analyses of energetics can inform the impacts of both development... more
Neighbourhood threats: landscape context and anthropogenic changes can trigger waterbird population collapse - Landscape Ecology
Context Global biodiversity decreases rapidly, driven by various
factors ranging from climate change to anthropogenic activities.
Identifying driving forces of population decline is critical for
biological conservation. Time-series data are especially valuable
for this goal, but unfortunately, high-quality time-series data are
generally lacking, hampering evidences-based conservation policy
making. Objectives In this study, we examined how population growth
rates of wintering waterbird species changed across... more
Aiming for the optimum: examining complex relationships among sampling regime, sampling density and landscape complexity to accurately model resource availability - Landscape Ecology
Context Obtaining accurate and precise maps of landscape features
often requires intensive spatial sampling and interpolation. The
data required to generate reliable interpolated maps varies with
sampling density and landscape heterogeneity. However, there has
been no rigorous examination of sampling density relative to
landscape characteristics and interpolation methods. Objectives Our
objective was to characterize the 3-way relationship among sampling
density, interpolation method, and landscape heterogeneity... more
Integrating land use and climate change models with stakeholder priorities to evaluate habitat connectivity change: a case study in southern Québec - Landscape Ecology
Context An important output of connectivity science is the
identification of priority areas for the conservation of landscape
connectivity. However, current connectivity conservation planning
methods rarely take into account risks associated with future land
use and climate change, and seldom incorporate stakeholder
perceptions of connectivity priorities. Objectives We modeled
future connectivity change for five umbrella vertebrate species in
a fragmented landscape, the Montérégie region in Québec, Canada.... more
Quantifying cross-scale patch contributions to spatial connectivity - Landscape Ecology
Context Connectivity between habitat patches is vital for
ecological processes at multiple scales. Traditional metrics do not
measure the scales at which individual habitat patches contribute
to the overall ecological connectivity of the landscape.
Connectivity has previously been evaluated at several different
scales based on the dispersal capabilities of particular organisms,
but these approaches are data-heavy and conditioned on just a few
species. Objectives Our objective was to improve cross-scale
measurement... more
An overview of computational tools for preparing, constructing and using resistance surfaces in connectivity research - Landscape Ecology
Context Connectivity between habitat patches is a recognized
conservation action to conserve biodiversity in a rapidly changing
world. Resistance surfaces, a spatial representation of cost of
movement across the landscape, are often the foundation for
connectivity analyses but working with them can be daunting due to
the diversity and complexity of software tools. Objectives We
present an overview of the steps involved when working with
resistance surfaces, identify tools that perform specific tasks,
evaluate... more
Stay home, stay safe? High habitat suitability and environmental connectivity increases road mortality in a colonizing mesocarnivore - Landscape Ecology
Context Anthropogenic structures have considerable effects on
ecosystems, disrupting natural population processes and
representing a serious risk in terms of vehicle collisions. The
golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a mesocarnivore species whose range
is expanding in Europe. Roadkills are one of the main human-induced
mortalities in Italy to the species. Objectives Identify
road-related characteristics and ecological factors related to
golden jackal roadkill risk in Italy. Methods We used habitat
suitability (Maxent)... more
Combining landscape and genetic graphs to address key issues in landscape genetics - Landscape Ecology
Context All the components of landscape and genetic structures can
be associated with the nodes and links of landscape graphs and
genetic graphs. Yet, these graphs have long been used separately
despite the potential for their combined use in landscape genetics.
Objectives First, comparing these graphs could be an effective way
to disentangle the influence of intra-patch features from that of
inter-patch connectivity on genetic structure or to assess whether
intra-population genetic diversity and inter-population... more
Ecosystem services trade-offs in landscapes: trends, areas of greatest impact, and temporal evolution of the scientific field - Landscape Ecology
Context Trade-offs between ecosystem services (ES) occur by
premeditated decision or as an involuntary consequence of landscape
change. This has been highlighted as a challenge to human
well-being and landscape sustainability. Little is known about the
main research topics on ES trade-offs and the evolution of this
subject over time. Objectives To identify the main areas of
research in the study of ES trade-offs in landscapes and analyze
the temporal evolution of the scientific field. Methods We
conducted a... more
Pattern of tree species co-occurrence in an ecotone responds to spatially variable drivers - Landscape Ecology
Context Ecological structure in ecotones, defined by how species
from adjacent systems co-occur, affects ecosystem functions and
climate change responses. Ecotone structure can vary spatially, yet
variability in broader-scale ecotones is poorly understood. In
Wisconsin (USA) the Tension Zone is an ecoregional ecotone,
separating northern and southern ecosystems. Objectives
Characterize ecotone structure in the Tension Zone, examine how
structure varied spatially, and identify how environmental drivers
affected... more
Spatial and temporal scales of landscape structure affect the biodiversity-landscape relationship across ecologically distinct species groups - Landscape Ecology
Context The effects of landscape structure on biodiversity may
change with the spatial and temporal scale at which landscape
structure is measured. Identifying the spatial extent and temporal
scale at which the biodiversity-landscape relationship is strongest
(i.e., the scale of effect) is important to better understand the
effect of landscape structure. Objectives The spatial and temporal
scale of effect is analyzed to identify whether it differs in
ecologically distinct species groups. How species
richness-landscape... more
Traits influence reptile responses to fire in a fragmented agricultural landscape - Landscape Ecology
Context Habitat loss and fragmentation can interact with other
threats, including altered fire regimes, and responses to these
effects can be mediated by functional traits. Objectives To
determine how richness and abundance of reptile trait groups
respond to habitat fragmentation, patch isolation and fire. Methods
We surveyed reptiles in 30 sites over 3 years. Sites in remnant
patches in farmland were adjacent to a conservation park with
either recently burnt or long-unburnt habitat. The remnant patches
were... more
Species–genetic diversity correlations through the lens of spatial autocorrelation: insights from high Andean wetlands - Landscape Ecology
Context Understanding species–genetic diversity relationships is
key to foster holistic conservation approaches aimed at preserving
biodiversity across multiple dimensions. Despite the facts that
genetic and species diversity are likely to be spatially structured
and that species–genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) reveal
coincident spatial patterns between the two diversity levels,
spatial autocorrelation has been largely overlooked. Objectives We
assessed the benefits of investigating species–genetic... more
Putting more fuel on the fire… or maybe not? A synthesis of spruce beetle and fire interactions in North American subalpine forests - Landscape Ecology
Context Disturbance interactions can create compound, novel effects
across landscapes compared to individual disturbance events.
However, little consensus exists regarding which mechanisms are
important for controlling the interaction of two disturbances with
similar climatic forcings in subalpine spruce–fir forests.
Objectives To investigate the importance of controls on disturbance
interactions, we first outline potential mechanistic links between
spruce beetle outbreaks and fires based on existing research.... more
Estimating statewide carrying capacity of bobcats (Lynx rufus) using improved maximum clique algorithms - Landscape Ecology
Context Maximum clique analysis (MCA) can approximate landscape
carrying capacity (Nk) for populations of territorial wildlife.
However, MCA has not been widely adopted for wildlife applications,
mainly due to computational constraints and software wildlife
biologists may find difficult to use. Moreover, MCA does not
incorporate uncertainty into estimates of Nk. Objectives We
extended MCA by applying a vertex cover algorithm to compute Nk
over a large (92,789 km2), continuous spatial scale for female
bobcats... more
virToad: simulating the spatiotemporal population dynamics and management of a global invader - Landscape Ecology
Context The cane toad (Rhinella marina) is one of the most globally
significant and well-studied invasive alien species, and the
detrimental impacts of its invasions warrant the design and
application of decision support tools. While many models have been
developed for guiding policies addressing cane toad invasions, none
reliably predict the species’ population dynamics at scales
relevant to on-the-ground management. Objectives We describe
virToad—an individual-based life-history simulator of the cane
toad.... more
A vegetation carbon isoscape for Australia built by combining continental-scale field surveys with remote sensing - Landscape Ecology
Context Maps of C3 and C4 plant abundance and stable carbon isotope
values (δ13C) across terrestrial landscapes are valuable tools in
ecology to investigate species distribution and carbon exchange.
Australia has a predominance of C4-plants, thus monitoring change
in C3:C4 cover and δ13C is essential to national management
priorities. Objectives We applied a novel combination of field
surveys and remote sensing data to create maps of C3 and C4
abundance in Australia, and a vegetation δ13C isoscape for the... more
Using a trait-based approach to asses fire resistance in forest landscapes of the Inland Northwest, USA - Landscape Ecology
Context Several plant traits are associated with resistance to
fire, thus fire-resistant species may give rise to more
fire-resistant landscapes. However, up-scaling from plant traits to
landscape- and regional-scale fire effects remains a challenge.
Objectives We test two hypotheses: (1) forests composed of
fire-resistant species experience lower fire severity than forests
composed of less fire-resistant species; and (2) wildfires
affecting forests with greater fire resistance experience smaller
patches of... more
Evaluating the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services in the Tibetan Plateau of China - Landscape Ecology
Context In the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the supply of cultural
ecosystem services (CESs) is unique, and the demand for CESs is
gradually increasing with rapid urbanization. Evaluating the
relationship between the supply and demand for CESs is critical for
guiding regional sustainable development. However, due to the
difficulty in obtaining empirical data in the high altitude and
complex topography of the TP, relevant research is still lacking.
Objectives The objective of this study was to develop an approach
to... more
Spatially explicit models predict coffee rust spread in fragmented landscapes - Landscape Ecology
Context Landscape structure influences the spread of plant
pathogens, including coffee leaf rust, a fungal disease affecting
the coffee industry. Rust transmission is likely affected by
landscape structure through the dispersal of wind-borne spores.
Previous studies found positive associations between rust incidence
and the proportion of pasture cover, suggesting deforestation may
facilitate spore dispersal. Objectives We explored the links
between landscape structure and coffee rust by modeling the spread
of... more
