Carrying out experiments in landscape ecology - Landscape Ecology
Carrying out experiments in landscape ecology - Landscape Ecology
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Context All the components of landscape and genetic structures can be associated with the nodes and links of landscape graphs and genetic graphs. Yet, these graphs have long been used separately despite the potential for their combined use in landscape genetics. Objectives First, comparing these graphs could be an effective way to disentangle the influence of intra-patch features from that of inter-patch connectivity on genetic structure or to assess whether intra-population genetic diversity an...
Context All the components of landscape and genetic structures can be associated with the nodes and links of landscape graphs and genetic graphs. Yet, these graphs have long been used separately despite the potential for their combined use in landscape genetics. Objectives First, comparing these graphs could be an effective way to disentangle the influence of intra-patch features from that of inter-patch connectivity on genetic structure or to assess whether intra-population genetic diversity an...
Context Climate and land-use changes affect species ranges and movements. However, these changes are usually overlooked in connectivity studies, and this could have adverse consequences in the definition of effective management measures. Objectives We evaluated two ways to incorporate landscape dynamics: (i) by analyzing connectivity as a fluctuating phenomenon (i.e., time-varying connectivity); and (ii) by analyzing species movements from past to current ranges (i.e., spatio-temporal connectivi...
Context Climate and land-use changes affect species ranges and movements. However, these changes are usually overlooked in connectivity studies, and this could have adverse consequences in the definition of effective management measures. Objectives We evaluated two ways to incorporate landscape dynamics: (i) by analyzing connectivity as a fluctuating phenomenon (i.e., time-varying connectivity); and (ii) by analyzing species movements from past to current ranges (i.e., spatio-temporal connectivi...
Context Global biodiversity decreases rapidly, driven by various factors ranging from climate change to anthropogenic activities. Identifying driving forces of population decline is critical for biological conservation. Time-series data are especially valuable for this goal, but unfortunately, high-quality time-series data are generally lacking, hampering evidences-based conservation policy making. Objectives In this study, we examined how population growth rates of wintering waterbird species c...
Context Global biodiversity decreases rapidly, driven by various factors ranging from climate change to anthropogenic activities. Identifying driving forces of population decline is critical for biological conservation. Time-series data are especially valuable for this goal, but unfortunately, high-quality time-series data are generally lacking, hampering evidences-based conservation policy making. Objectives In this study, we examined how population growth rates of wintering waterbird species c...
Context Landscape studies often focus on determining how the landscape around a discrete set of field sites affects an abiotic or biotic response measured at those sites. To run this type of analysis, a decision must be made about the spatial extent over which the landscape affects the response. Many authors have acknowledged the limitations of common approaches to estimating this spatial extent of a landscape effect and some have proposed alternatives. However, many alternative methods have thu...
Context Landscape studies often focus on determining how the landscape around a discrete set of field sites affects an abiotic or biotic response measured at those sites. To run this type of analysis, a decision must be made about the spatial extent over which the landscape affects the response. Many authors have acknowledged the limitations of common approaches to estimating this spatial extent of a landscape effect and some have proposed alternatives. However, many alternative methods have thu...
Context Connectivity between habitat patches is vital for ecological processes at multiple scales. Traditional metrics do not measure the scales at which individual habitat patches contribute to the overall ecological connectivity of the landscape. Connectivity has previously been evaluated at several different scales based on the dispersal capabilities of particular organisms, but these approaches are data-heavy and conditioned on just a few species. Objectives Our objective was to improve cros...
Context Connectivity between habitat patches is vital for ecological processes at multiple scales. Traditional metrics do not measure the scales at which individual habitat patches contribute to the overall ecological connectivity of the landscape. Connectivity has previously been evaluated at several different scales based on the dispersal capabilities of particular organisms, but these approaches are data-heavy and conditioned on just a few species. Objectives Our objective was to improve cros...
Context Neutral landscape models are useful and popular tools for exploring effects of spatial patterns on ecological processes. Most neutral landscape models mimic natural landscape patterns that often consist of curved, complex, and sometimes fractal shapes. However, human-dominated landscapes often have a spatial rectilinear pattern that is highly aligned and dominated by straight lines and right angles. Objectives As existing rectilinear neutral landscape models lack controls over either the...
Context Neutral landscape models are useful and popular tools for exploring effects of spatial patterns on ecological processes. Most neutral landscape models mimic natural landscape patterns that often consist of curved, complex, and sometimes fractal shapes. However, human-dominated landscapes often have a spatial rectilinear pattern that is highly aligned and dominated by straight lines and right angles. Objectives As existing rectilinear neutral landscape models lack controls over either the...
Context Forest restoration plays an important role in global efforts to slow biodiversity loss and mitigate climate change. Vegetation in remnant forests can form striking patterns that relate to ecological processes, but restoration targets tend to overlook spatial pattern. While observations of intact reference ecosystems can help to inform restoration targets, field surveys are ill-equipped to map and quantify spatial pattern at a range of scales, and new approaches are needed. Objective This...
Context Forest restoration plays an important role in global efforts to slow biodiversity loss and mitigate climate change. Vegetation in remnant forests can form striking patterns that relate to ecological processes, but restoration targets tend to overlook spatial pattern. While observations of intact reference ecosystems can help to inform restoration targets, field surveys are ill-equipped to map and quantify spatial pattern at a range of scales, and new approaches are needed. Objective This...
Context Maximum clique analysis (MCA) can approximate landscape carrying capacity (Nk) for populations of territorial wildlife. However, MCA has not been widely adopted for wildlife applications, mainly due to computational constraints and software wildlife biologists may find difficult to use. Moreover, MCA does not incorporate uncertainty into estimates of Nk. Objectives We extended MCA by applying a vertex cover algorithm to compute Nk over a large (92,789 km2), continuous spatial scale for f...
Context Maximum clique analysis (MCA) can approximate landscape carrying capacity (Nk) for populations of territorial wildlife. However, MCA has not been widely adopted for wildlife applications, mainly due to computational constraints and software wildlife biologists may find difficult to use. Moreover, MCA does not incorporate uncertainty into estimates of Nk. Objectives We extended MCA by applying a vertex cover algorithm to compute Nk over a large (92,789 km2), continuous spatial scale for f...